<=== observer ===>
"MBARLOW",\
"Barlow, M.J.",\
"Department of Physics & Astronomy",\
"University College London",\
"Gower Street",\
"",\
"WC1E 6BT",\
"London",\
"United Kingdom",\
" 44 713807160",\
" 44 713807145",\
"mjb@star.ucl.ac.uk"
<=== proposal ===>
"FASTWIND",1,3,\
{"early-type stars","stellar winds","novae"},\
{"LWS consortium","Emery, R.","Gry, C.","Pequignot, D.","Greenhouse, M.", "Cohen, M."}
<=== title ===>
Abundances in the high-velocity outflows from novae and early-type stars
<=== abstract ===>
SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT
(A) We propose to derive the C, N and O abundances in the outer winds of WR
stars and O and B-type stars by measuring, in LWS grating mode, the fluxes in
the fine structure lines of [C II], [N II], [N III] and [O III]. Such
abundances cannot easily be derived from optical or ultraviolet spectra. The
WC9 stars and some of the extreme supergiants show strong circumstellar dust
emission, whose far-IR spectral characteristics will be simultaneously
measured. Three of the extreme B supergiants have been found to show 2.3um CO
emission by McGregor et al. (1988), so CO rotational line emission may be
detectable in their LWS spectra.
B) The shells of old novae are interesting in several respects, most notably
because they are often highly enriched in heavy elements of the oxygen group
and beyond. The most important objective of ISO for novae is determining the
elemental abundances in the ejecta, from observations of fine structure lines.
IR observations are essential because, due to the enrichment, the gas easily
cools to very low temperatures, so that the optical and UV forbidden lines
eventually become very weak.
(C) Novae occurring during the ISO mission are likely to be targets of
opportunity. However, young novae that have occurred in the year or so before
launch and during the ISO mission could also be profitably observed,
particularly in order to follow the rise in excitation of the fine structure
lines as the central remnant evolves to higher temperatures. Such observations
would also help to determine whether the dramatic fall in [O III] 5007A
emission in some evolving nova shells is due to strong evolution and fading of
the ionization source, or is instead due to the temperature drop caused by the
increased efficiency of IR fine structure line cooling as the density of the
expanding shell drops below the critical density for collisional de-excitation
of the upper levels of the various lines. In addition, ISO observations with
both LWS and SWS can for the first time provide a complete study of the
recently discovered infrared coronal emission line phase of young classical
nova outbursts, resulting in new constraints on heavy element abundances in
both their ejecta and the cores of their precursor stars.
A LaTex file containing fuller details of this proposal is available from
mjb@star.ucl.ac.uk.
OBSERVATION SUMMARY
For either a Spring or Autumn launch, 8.95 hours (535.1 minutes) of LWS
Guaranteed (spacecraft) time are allocated to this programme. For a Spring
launch (Orion-hole observable), 474.5 minutes will be used for full LWS01
43-196.7um grating scans of 17 early-type stars, 5 old novae and 2 young nova,
using 4 sample points per resolution element and an integration time of 2
seconds per sample point, along with 60.6 minutes for full SWS01 2.43-45um
low-resolution (R/8) grating scans of the 2 young novae. For an Autumn launch
(Orion-hole observable) 474.5 minutes will be used for full LWS01 43-196.7um
grating scans of 16 early-type stars, 6 old novae and 2 new nova, along with
60.6 minutes for full SWS01 2.43-45um R/8 grating scans of the 2 new novae.
The Priority 1 LWS Guaranteed spacecraft time allocated to this programme is
3.55 hours for the case of either a Spring or an Autumn launch.
<=== scientific_justification ===>
(A) The Wolf-Rayet targets have been chosen to include the brightest (in the
IR) example of the subclasses WN5, WN6 and WN8 and WC7-WC9. Two WC9 stars that
show strong IR dust emission are included. The early-type stars include one Be
star, one O star and normal supergiants of type B8Ia and A2Ia. P Cyg is
an example of a Luminous Blue Variable (LBV), as is AG Car, which has a ring
nebula. The remaining extreme supergiants are from the list of McGregor et al.
(1988). They all show circumstellar dust emission and three show circumstellar
CO emission at 2.3um.
SWS Guaranteed Time observations of all of the early-type stars in the sample
will be obtained by the respective Consortia. These data will be complementary
to the LWS data and the priorities that are assigned below have been arrived at
in co-ordination with members of the SWS and ISOPHOT consortia.
(B) We have chosen six old novae, including GK Per (1901), DQ Her (1934), and
QU Vul (1984).
(C) Two targets will be selected from young nova in outburst before and during
the mission. Ground-based observations using guaranteed time on US facilities
will aid in target selection.
AOT LWS01:
Full grating spectra: Wavelength coverage 43-196.7um
No of samples per resolution element 4
Integration time per sample point 2 secs
Total AOT time per star (fast scan) 16.8 mins
Total S/C time per star 20.1 mins
Total S/C time for LWS grating spectra (Orion-hole observable) 474.5 mins
(Sgr-hole observable) 474.5 mins
AOT SWS01:
In addition to the targets listed in Table~1, we are allocating time to allow
full SWS and LWS fast grating scans to be obtained of two young novae. For the
SWS spectra of these two novae, we will use the SWS01 AOT, with a detector
reset time of 2 seconds (speed code 2) and a resolving power of R/8, requiring
30.3 minutes of spacecraft time per object to obtain a complete SWS 2.43-45um
spectrum. The SWS observations of the two young novae will thus require
60.6 minutes of spacecraft time. The SWS and LWS observations of one of the
young novae will have priority 2, while the observations of the other will
have priority 3.
SPACECRAFT TIME SUMMARY:
Orion-hole observable (Spring launch) Sgr-hole observable (Autumn launch)
Priority 1 time = 212.7 mins (39.8%) Priority 1 time = 212.7 mins (39.8%)
Priority 2 time = 171.2 mins (32.0%) Priority 2 time = 171.2 mins (32.0%)
Priority 3 time = 151.1 mins (28.2%) Priority 3 time = 151.1 mins (28.2%)
Total S/C time = 535.1 mins Total S/C time = 535.1 mins
Time distribution for spring launch targets:
Team top 40% second 30% last 30%
LWS : 12764 10274 9066
total : 12764 10274 9066
Time distribution for autumn launch targets:
Team top 40% second 30% last 30%
LWS : 12764 10274 9066
total : 12764 10274 9066
<=== autumn_launch_targets ===>
1, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "Gam Vel", 08.13319, -47.18833, 1950, 0.,0.,684,2
2, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "Gam Vel off", 08.13319, -47.28833, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
3, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "Ve 2-45", 17.98364, -23.62889, 1950, 0.,0.,684,4
4, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "Ve 2-45 off", 17.98364, -23.72889, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
5, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "CRL 2104", 18.22689, -18.99639, 1950, 0.,0.,684,6
6, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "CRL 2104 off", 18.22689, -18.89639, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
7, "LWS01", 3.0, "N", "HD 192163", 20.17142, +38.20417, 1950, 0.,0.,684,8
8, "LWS01", 3.0, "N", "HD 192163 off", 20.17142, +38.30417, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
9, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "HD 193793", 20.31297, +43.69528, 1950, 0.,0.,684,10
10, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "HD 193793 off", 20.31297, +43.79528, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
11, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "AS 431", 20.58161, +40.17722, 1950, 0.,0.,684,12
12, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "AS 431 off", 20.58161, +40.27722, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
13, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "Gam Cas", 00.89453, +60.44639, 1950, 0.,0.,684,14
14, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "Gam Cas off", 00.89453, +60.54639, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
15, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "Alf Cyg", 20.66206, +45.10056, 1950, 0.,0.,684,16
16, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "Alf Cyg off", 20.66206, +45.20056, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
17, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "HD 87643", 10.04714, -58.42083, 1950, 0.,0.,684,18
18, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "HD 87643 off", 10.04714, -58.52083, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
19, "LWS01", 3.0, "N", "CPD-57 2874", 10.22667, -57.61306, 1950, 0.,0.,684,20
20, "LWS01", 3.0, "N", "-57 2874 off", 10.22667, -57.71306, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
21, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "HR Car", 10.35200, -59.37111, 1950, 0.,0.,684,22
22, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "HR Car off", 10.35200, -59.47111, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
23, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "Eta Car", 10.71858, -59.42111, 1950, 0.,0.,684,0
24, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "He 3-519", 10.86647, -60.17889, 1950, 0.,0.,684,25
25, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "He 3-519 off", 10.86647, -60.27889, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
26, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "AG Car", 10.90292, -60.18583, 1950, 0.,0.,684,27
27, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "AG Car off", 10.90292, -60.28583, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
28, "LWS01", 3.0, "N", "He 3-591", 11.10917, -60.44167, 1950, 0.,0.,684,29
29, "LWS01", 3.0, "N", "He 3-591 off", 11.10917, -60.54167, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
30, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "P Cyg", 20.26569, +37.87639, 1950, 0.,0.,684,31
31, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "P Cyg off", 20.26569, +37.97639, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
32, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "GK Per", 03.46317, +43.73472, 1950, 0.,0.,684,33
33, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "GK Per off", 03.46317, +43.83472, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
34, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "RR Pic", 06.58606, -62.59694, 1950, 0.,0.,684,35
35, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "RR Pic off", 06.58606, -62.69694, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
36, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "DQ Her", 18.10147, +45.85056, 1950, 0.,0.,684,37
37, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "DQ Her off", 18.10147, +45.95056, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
38, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "QU Vul", 20.41125, +27.68000, 1950, 0.,0.,684,39
39, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "QU Vul off", 20.41125, +27.78000, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
40, "LWS01", 3.0, "N", "HR Del", 20.66781, +18.98111, 1950, 0.,0.,684,40
41, "LWS01", 3.0, "N", "HR Del off", 20.66781, +18.88111, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
42, "LWS01", 3.0, "N", "V1500 Cyg", 21.16469, +47.94472, 1950, 0.,0.,684,43
43, "LWS01", 3.0, "N", "V1500 Cyg off", 21.16469, +47.84472, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
44, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "New Nova 1", 00.00000, +00.00000, 2000, 0.,0.,1208,46
45, "LWS01", 3.0, "N", "New Nova 2", 00.00000, -00.00000, 2000, 0.,0.,1208,47
46, "SWS01", 2.0, "N", "New Nova 1", 00.00000, +00.00000, 2000, 0.,0.,1818,0
47, "SWS01", 3.0, "N", "New Nova 2", 00.00000, -00.00000, 2000, 0.,0.,1818,0
<=== spring_launch_targets ===>
1, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "HD 50896", 06.86892, -23.86444, 1950, 0.,0.,684,2
2, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "HD 50896 off", 06.86892, -23.96444, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
3, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "Gam Vel", 08.13319, -47.18833, 1950, 0.,0.,684,4
4, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "Gam Vel off", 08.13319, -47.28833, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
5, "LWS01", 3.0, "N", "HD 192163", 20.17142, +38.20417, 1950, 0.,0.,684,6
6, "LWS01", 3.0, "N", "HD 192163 off", 20.17142, +38.30417, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
7, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "HD 193793", 20.31297, +43.69528, 1950, 0.,0.,684,8
8, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "HD 193793 off", 20.31297, +43.79528, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
9, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "AS 431", 20.58161, +40.17722, 1950, 0.,0.,684,10
10, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "AS 431 off", 20.58161, +40.27722, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
11, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "Gam Cas", 00.89453, +60.44639, 1950, 0.,0.,684,12
12, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "Gam Cas off", 00.89453, +60.54639, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
13, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "Beta Ori", 05.20222, -08.25806, 1950, 0.,0.,684,14
14, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "Beta Ori off", 05.20222, -08.35806, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
15, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "Zeta Pup", 08.03042, -39.86111, 1950, 0.,0.,684,16
16, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "Zeta Pup off", 08.03042, -39.96111, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
17, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "Alf Cyg", 20.66206, +45.10056, 1950, 0.,0.,684,18
18, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "Alf Cyg off", 20.66206, +45.20056, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
19, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "HD 87643", 10.04714, -58.42083, 1950, 0.,0.,684,20
20, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "HD 87643 off", 10.04714, -58.52083, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
21, "LWS01", 3.0, "N", "CPD-57 2874", 10.22667, -57.61306, 1950, 0.,0.,684,22
22, "LWS01", 3.0, "N", "-57 2874 off", 10.22667, -57.71306, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
23, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "HR Car", 10.35200, -59.37111, 1950, 0.,0.,684,24
24, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "HR Car off", 10.35200, -59.47111, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
25, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "Eta Car", 10.71858, -59.42111, 1950, 0.,0.,684,0
26, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "He 3-519", 10.86647, -60.17889, 1950, 0.,0.,684,27
27, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "He 3-519 off", 10.86647, -60.27889, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
28, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "AG Car", 10.90292, -60.18583, 1950, 0.,0.,684,29
29, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "AG Car off", 10.90292, -60.28583, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
30, "LWS01", 3.0, "N", "He 3-591", 11.10917, -60.44167, 1950, 0.,0.,684,31
31, "LWS01", 3.0, "N", "He 3-591 off", 11.10917, -60.54167, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
32, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "P Cyg", 20.26569, +37.87639, 1950, 0.,0.,684,33
33, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "P Cyg off", 20.26569, +37.97639, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
34, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "GK Per", 03.46317, +43.73472, 1950, 0.,0.,684,35
35, "LWS01", 1.0, "N", "GK Per off", 03.46317, +43.83472, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
36, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "RR Pic", 06.58606, -62.59694, 1950, 0.,0.,684,37
37, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "RR Pic off", 06.58606, -62.69694, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
38, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "QU Vul", 20.41125, +27.68000, 1950, 0.,0.,684,39
39, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "QU Vul off", 20.41125, +27.78000, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
40, "LWS01", 3.0, "N", "HR Del", 20.66781, +18.98111, 1950, 0.,0.,684,41
41, "LWS01", 3.0, "N", "HR Del off", 20.66781, +18.88111, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
42, "LWS01", 3.0, "N", "V1500 Cyg", 21.16469, +47.94472, 1950, 0.,0.,684,43
43, "LWS01", 3.0, "N", "V1500 Cyg off", 21.16469, +47.84472, 1950, 0.,0.,524,0
44, "LWS01", 2.0, "N", "New Nova 1", 00.00000, +00.00000, 2000, 0.,0.,1208,46
45, "LWS01", 3.0, "N", "New Nova 2", 00.00000, -00.00000, 2000, 0.,0.,1208,47
46, "SWS01", 2.0, "N", "New Nova 1", 00.00000, +00.00000, 2000, 0.,0.,1818,0
47, "SWS01", 3.0, "N", "New Nova 2", 00.00000, -00.00000, 2000, 0.,0.,1818,0