<=== observer ===>
"HLAMERS",\
"Lamers, H.J.G.L.M.",\
"",\
"SRON Laboratory for Space Research Utrecht",\
"Sorbonnelaan 2",\
"",\
"3584 CA",\
"Utrecht",\
"The Netherlands",\
"31 30 535720",\
"31 30 540860",\
"HENNYL@SRON.RUU.NL"
<=== proposal ===>
"HOTSTARS", 1, 3,\
{"early-type stars",\
"stellar winds",\
"stellar evolution"},\
{"L.B.F.M. Waters",\
"SRON Groningen"}
<=== title ===>
Winds and Circumstellar Matter around Hot Luminous Stars
<=== abstract ===>
SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT
The winds and mass-ejections from luminous stars strongly
influence the evolution of massive stars and their
surrounding circumstellar and interstellar matter. We propose to
study the stellar winds and their circumstellar envelopes
in a few stars of different sequential evolutionary stages by
means of ISO spectroscopic, photometric and imaging observations.
The stages are: O-supergiants, B-supergiants, Luminous Blue
Variables and rapidly rotating B[e]-supergiants.
The stellar winds of hot stars are characterized by high terminal
velocities (10^3 to 3.5 10^3 km/s) and a rapid acceleration. The
SWS grating will resolve the line profiles in hot supergiants and so the
velocity field can be studied. The
infrared Hydrogen and Helium recombination lines are formed in
layers of the wind where the acceleration takes place and therefore
offer an opportunity to study the radiation driven wind mechanism in
detail. This information cannot be obtained from UV
observations because the UV resonance lines are often saturated near
line centre. Also the IR recombination lines are much easier to model
than the Balmer emission lines in the optical.
The IR emission lines also provide a measurement of the mass loss rate
of the star which does not depend strongly on the details of the
ionisation structure of the wind. Therefore these data will give more
accurate determinations of the mass loss rate than the UV resonance lines of
ions of trace elements as C IV and Si IV. Furthermore it is expected
that forbidden lines are present in the IR spectra which will allow an
abundance study of the ejecta. Evolutionary calculations predict that
the surface abundance of He and N increase as the star strips more and
more of its envelope by means of mass loss. Therefore abundance
determinations provide a critical test of these evolutionary calculations and
of the mass loss history of the star.
These measurements are especially meaningful for the ejecta around
Luminous Blue Variables (LBV's) since these objects are thought to be
the immediate progenitors of Wolf-Rayet stars.
OBSERVATION SUMMARY.
We plan to observe HI and HeI recombination lines and forbidden line
transitions in our targets using SWS grating AOT06 and in four objects
AOT01 for full grating scans at reduced resolution. In addition we request
PHT-S spectra for all targets. We also request PHT-C measurements at
selected wavelengths (60, 90, 160 and 200 microns) of several stars. Finally
we request a CAM AOT01 observation of P Cygni using the CVF at the [Ne II]
12.8 mu line with a 6" p.f.o.v..
Linelist for the AOT06 observations:
4.0512 HI 5-4 Br alfa
4.652 HI 7-5 Pf beta
7.4579 HI 6-5 Pf alfa
7.5005 HI 8-6 Hu beta
8.7577 HI 10-7
11.3056 HI 9-7
12.3685 HI 7-6 Hu alfa
12.3838 HI 11-8
16.2047 HI 10-8
16.8760 HI 12-9
19.0569 HI 8-7
22.3344 HI 11-9
27.7958 HI 9-8
38.8593 HI 10-9
4.243 HeI 5-4
4.2947 HeI 5-3
4.6053 HeI 5-4
4.6936 HeI 5-4
7.4351 HeI 3-3
10.88 HeI 4-4
12.37 HeI 7-6
18.095 HeI 4-4
43.944 HeI 4-4
4.652 HeII 14-10
7.205 HeII 14-11
9.114 HeII 15-12
12.367 HeII 14-12
13.128 HeII 11-10
17.261 HeII 12-11
22.180 HeII 13-12
34.649 HeII 15-14
<=== scientific_justification ===>
Time distribution for spring launch targets
Team: top 40% second 30% last 30%
SWS: 14066 25670 11884
Time distribution for autumn launch targets
Team: top 40% second 30% last 30%
SWS: 9351 19052 10424
Table 1. Cross-references source names
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
name 1 name 2
1 Zeta Pup HD66811
2 Eps Ori HD37128
3 Omi CMa HD53138
4 Eta CMa HD58350
5 Bet Ori HD34085
6 Alf Cyg HD197345
7 AG Car HD94910
8 HR Car HD90177
9 P Cyg HD193237
10 Zet1 Sco HD152236
11 CPD-57 2874 --
12 CPD-52 9243 --
13 He 3-591 --
14 He 3-519 --
15 HD87643 --
16 Mu Nor HD149038
17 HR 6261 HD152235
18 Eta Car HD93308
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 2. Positions and Offsets
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
No ra dec precision offset ref. pos window
1950.0 (",") (")
1 08 01 49.5 -39 51 40 1,1 0 1 spr
2 05 33 40.4 -01 13 54 1,1 0 1 spr
3 07 00 56.1 -23 45 31 1,1 0 1 spr
4 07 22 06.9 -29 12 14 1,1 0 1 spr
5 05 12 08.0 -08 15 29 1,1 0 1 spr
6 20 39 43.4 +45 06 02 1,1 0 1 saf
7 10 54 10.5 -60 11 09 1,1 0 1 saf
8 10 21 07.2 -59 22 16 1,1 0 1 saf
9 20 15 56.5 +37 52 35 1,1 0 1 saf
10 16 50 27.7 -42 16 50 1,1 0 1 aut
11 10 13 36.0 -57 36 47 1,1 0 saf
12 16 03 09.4 -52 55 42 1,1 0 aut
13 11 06 33.0 -60 26 30 1,1 0 saf
14 10 51 59.3 -60 10 44 1,1 0 saf
15 10 02 49.7 -58 25 15 1,1 0 1 saf
16 16 30 31.3 -43 56 29 1,1 0 1 aut
17 16 50 27.6 -41 54 48 1,1 0 1 aut
18 10 43 06.9 -59 25 16 1,1 0 1 saf
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
References for positions and accuracy
1: SAO catalogue
Table 4. Photometric data (fluxes in Jansky)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
no ident J H K L M 12 25 60
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Zeta pup 134.8 83.4 49.5 20.6 11.8 3.77 1.33 -
2 Eps ori 238.5 145.0 88.5 39.3 20.7 7.15 1.86 -
3 Omi2 cma 84.2 54.6 33.0 14.5 8.07 2.35 0.65 -
4 Eta cma 146.4 99.4 59.5 27.0 16.1 4.75 1.33 -
5 Beta ori 1286.8 890.1 553.1 250.3 145.5 41.3 10.6 1.98
6 Alfa cyg 733.7 467.1 301.2 122.0 71.1 21.8 5.9 -
7 AG Car 22.8 20.8 13.6 8.29 4.27 12.4 174. 194.
8 HR Car - 5.36 4.43 3.52 - 11.0 53.5 37.1
9 P Cyg - - 30.4 18.9 14.8 5.74 3.5 2.05
10 Zet1 Sco 63.90 51.7 35.9 17.8 15.0 2.61 0.62 0.11 (*)
11 CPD -57 2874 - 5.36 4.43 3.65 - 25.9 8.59 -
12 CPD -52 9243 - - - - - 20.9 10.8 -
13 He 3-591 1.48 2.04 1.88 1.33 - 12.7 205. 129.
14 He 3-519 - - - - - 1.24 15.3 36.6
15 HD 87643 - - 24.4 41.5 - 157. 252. 311.
16 Mu Nor 21.16 14.37 8.93 3.97 2.08 1.8 0.7 -
17 HR 6261 15.76 12.29 8.14 4.04 - 0.9 - -
18 Eta Car B R I G H T ! ! !
----------------------------------------------------------------------
(*) 12 to 60 mu fluxes estimated assuming Rayleigh-Jeans energy distribution!
Table 5. Priorities, Time and Coordination with other consortia.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other observations
no ident prio AOT time LWS CAM PHT needed in SWS time:
(secs)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Zeta Pup 1 SWS06 4715 + - - PHT-S, PHT-C
2 SWS01 1800
2 PHT40 120
2 PHT22 230
2 Eps Ori 2 SWS06 7432 + - - PHT-S, PHT-C
PHT40 120
PHT22 230
3 Omi2 CMa 3 SWS06 4519 - - - PHT-S, PHT-C
PHT40 120
PHT22 160
4 Eta CMa 3 SWSO6 2972 - - - PHT-S, PHT-C
PHT40 120
PHT22 160
5 Beta Ori 2 SWS06 2910 + - - PHT-S, PHT-C
SWS01 3600
PHT40 120
PHT22 355
6 Alfa Cyg 1 SWS06 2706 + - - PHT-S, PHT-C
SWS01 3600
PHT40 120
2 PHT22 355
7 AG Car 2 SWS01 1116 + - - PHT-S, PHT-C
PHT40 120
PHT22 125
8 HR Car 3 SWS01 1116 + - - PHT-S, PHT-C
PHT40 120
PHT22 125
9 P Cyg 1 SWS06 2805 + - - PHT-S, PHT-C CAM-CVF
2 SWS01 1800
1 PHT40 120
2 PHT22 415
2 CAM01 250
10 Zet1 Sco 2 SWS06 4459 - - - PHT-S, PHT-C
PHT40 120
PHT22 230
11 CPD-57 2874 3 SWS01 1116 + - - PHT-S
PHT40 120
12 CPD-52 9243 3 SWS01 1116 + - - PHT-S
PHT40 120
13 He 3-591 3 SWS01 1116 + - - PHT-S
PHT40 120
14 He 3-519 2 SWS01 1980 + - - PHT-S
PHT40 120
15 HD 87643 2 SWS01 1116 + - - PHT-S
PHT40 120
16 Mu Nor 3 SWS06 5235 - - - PHT-S
PHT40 120
17 HR 6261 2 SWS06 5370 - - - PHT-S
PHT40 120
18 Eta Car 2 SWS01 1116 - - - PHT-S
PHT40 120
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
<=== autumn_launch_targets ===>
1, "SWS06",1.,"N", "Alfa Cyg ", 20.66206, 45.10056, 1950, 0.,0., 2706, 2
2, "SWS01",1.,"N", "Alfa Cyg ", 20.66206, 45.10056, 1950, 0.,0., 3600, 3
3, "PHT40",1.,"N", "Alfa Cyg ", 20.66206, 45.10056, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 4
4, "PHT22",2.,"N", "Alfa Cyg ", 20.66206, 45.10056, 1950, 0.,0., 355, 0
5, "SWS01",2.,"N", "AG Car ", 10.90292, -60.18583, 1950, 0.,0., 1116, 6
6, "PHT40",2.,"N", "AG Car ", 10.90292, -60.18583, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 7
7, "PHT22",2.,"N", "AG Car ", 10.90292, -60.18583, 1950, 0.,0., 125, 0
8, "SWS01",3.,"N", "HR Car ", 10.35200, -59.37111, 1950, 0.,0., 1116, 9
9, "PHT40",3.,"N", "HR Car ", 10.35200, -59.37111, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 10
10, "PHT22",3.,"N", "HR Car ", 10.35200, -59.37111, 1950, 0.,0., 125, 0
11, "SWS06",1.,"N", "P Cyg ", 20.26569, 37.87639, 1950, 0.,0., 2805, 12
12, "SWS01",2.,"N", "P Cyg ", 20.26569, 37.87639, 1950, 0.,0., 1800, 13
13, "PHT40",1.,"N", "P Cyg ", 20.26569, 37.87639, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 14
14, "PHT22",2.,"N", "P Cyg ", 20.26569, 37.87639, 1950, 0.,0., 415, 15
15, "CAM01",2.,"N", "P Cyg ", 20.26569, 37.87639, 1950, 0.,0., 250, 0
16, "SWS06",2.,"N", "Zet1 Sco ", 16.84103, -42.28056, 1950, 0.,0., 4459, 17
17, "PHT40",2.,"N", "Zet1 Sco ", 16.84103, -42.28056, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 18
18, "PHT22",2.,"N", "Zet1 Sco ", 16.84103, -42.28056, 1950, 0.,0., 230, 0
19, "SWS01",3.,"N", "CPD-57 2874 ", 10.22667, -57.61306, 1950, 0.,0., 1116, 20
20, "PHT40",3.,"N", "CPD-57 2874 ", 10.22667, -57.61306, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 0
21, "SWS01",3.,"N", "CPD-52 9243 ", 16.05261, -52.92833, 1950, 0.,0., 1116, 22
22, "PHT40",3.,"N", "CPD-52 9243 ", 16.05261, -52.92833, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 0
23, "SWS01",3.,"N", "He 3-591 ", 11.10917, -60.44167, 1950, 0.,0., 1116, 24
24, "PHT40",3.,"N", "He 3-591 ", 11.10917, -60.44167, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 0
25, "SWS01",2.,"N", "He 3-519 ", 10.86647, -60.17889, 1950, 0.,0., 1980, 26
26, "PHT40",2.,"N", "He 3-519 ", 10.86647, -60.17889, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 0
27, "SWS01",2.,"N", "HD 87643 ", 10.04714, -58.42083, 1950, 0.,0., 1116, 28
28, "PHT40",2.,"N", "HD 87643 ", 10.04714, -58.42083, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 0
29, "SWS06",3.,"N", "Mu Nor ", 16.50869, -43.94139, 1950, 0.,0., 5235, 30
30, "PHT40",3.,"N", "Mu Nor ", 16.50869, -43.94139, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 0
31, "SWS06",2.,"N", "HR 6261 ", 16.84100, -41.91333, 1950, 0.,0., 5370, 32
32, "PHT40",2.,"N", "HR 6261 ", 16.84100, -41.91333, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 0
33, "SWS01",2.,"N", "Eta Car ", 10.71858, -59.42111, 1950, 0.,0., 1116, 34
34, "PHT40",2.,"N", "Eta Car ", 10.71858, -59.42111, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 0
<=== spring_launch_targets ===>
1, "SWS06",1.,"N", "Zeta Pup ", 8.03042, -39.86111, 1950, 0.,0., 4715, 2
2, "SWS01",2.,"N", "Zeta Pup ", 8.03042, -39.86111, 1950, 0.,0., 1800, 3
3, "PHT40",2.,"N", "Zeta Pup ", 8.03042, -39.86111, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 4
4, "PHT22",2.,"N", "Zeta Pup ", 8.03042, -39.86111, 1950, 0.,0., 230, 0
5, "SWS06",2.,"N", "Eps Ori ", 5.56122, -1.23167, 1950, 0.,0., 7432, 6
6, "PHT40",2.,"N", "Eps Ori ", 5.56122, -1.23167, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 7
7, "PHT22",2.,"N", "Eps Ori ", 5.56122, -1.23167, 1950, 0.,0., 230, 0
8, "SWS06",3.,"N", "Omi2 CMa ", 7.01558, -23.75861, 1950, 0.,0., 4519, 9
9, "PHT40",3.,"N", "Omi2 CMa ", 7.01558, -23.75861, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 10
10, "PHT22",3.,"N", "Omi2 CMa ", 7.01558, -23.75861, 1950, 0.,0., 160, 0
11, "SWS06",3.,"N", "Eta CMa ", 7.36858, -29.20389, 1950, 0.,0., 2972, 12
12, "PHT40",3.,"N", "Eta CMa ", 7.36858, -29.20389, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 13
13, "PHT22",3.,"N", "Eta CMa ", 7.36858, -29.20389, 1950, 0.,0., 160, 0
14, "SWS06",2.,"N", "Beta Ori ", 5.20222, -8.25806, 1950, 0.,0., 2910, 15
15, "SWS01",2.,"N", "Beta Ori ", 5.20222, -8.25806, 1950, 0.,0., 3600, 16
16, "PHT40",2.,"N", "Beta Ori ", 5.20222, -8.25806, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 17
17, "PHT22",2.,"N", "Beta Ori ", 5.20222, -8.25806, 1950, 0.,0., 355, 0
18, "SWS06",1.,"N", "Alfa Cyg ", 20.66206, 45.10056, 1950, 0.,0., 2706, 19
19, "SWS01",1.,"N", "Alfa Cyg ", 20.66206, 45.10056, 1950, 0.,0., 3600, 20
20, "PHT40",1.,"N", "Alfa Cyg ", 20.66206, 45.10056, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 21
21, "PHT22",2.,"N", "Alfa Cyg ", 20.66206, 45.10056, 1950, 0.,0., 355, 0
22, "SWS01",2.,"N", "AG Car ", 10.90292, -60.18583, 1950, 0.,0., 1116, 23
23, "PHT40",2.,"N", "AG Car ", 10.90292, -60.18583, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 24
24, "PHT22",2.,"N", "AG Car ", 10.90292, -60.18583, 1950, 0.,0., 125, 0
25, "SWS01",3.,"N", "HR Car ", 10.35200, -59.37111, 1950, 0.,0., 1116, 26
26, "PHT40",3.,"N", "HR Car ", 10.35200, -59.37111, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 27
27, "PHT22",3.,"N", "HR Car ", 10.35200, -59.37111, 1950, 0.,0., 125, 0
28, "SWS06",1.,"N", "P Cyg ", 20.26569, 37.87639, 1950, 0.,0., 2805, 29
29, "SWS01",2.,"N", "P Cyg ", 20.26569, 37.87639, 1950, 0.,0., 1800, 30
30, "PHT40",1.,"N", "P Cyg ", 20.26569, 37.87639, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 31
31, "PHT22",2.,"N", "P Cyg ", 20.26569, 37.87639, 1950, 0.,0., 415, 32
32, "CAM01",2.,"N", "P Cyg ", 20.26569, 37.87639, 1950, 0.,0., 250, 0
33, "SWS01",3.,"N", "CPD-57 2874 ", 10.22667, -57.61306, 1950, 0.,0., 1116, 34
34, "PHT40",3.,"N", "CPD-57 2874 ", 10.22667, -57.61306, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 0
35, "SWS01",3.,"N", "He 3-591 ", 11.10917, -60.44167, 1950, 0.,0., 1116, 36
36, "PHT40",3.,"N", "He 3-591 ", 11.10917, -60.44167, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 0
37, "SWS01",2.,"N", "He 3-519 ", 10.86647, -60.17889, 1950, 0.,0., 1980, 38
38, "PHT40",2.,"N", "He 3-519 ", 10.86647, -60.17889, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 0
39, "SWS01",2.,"N", "HD 87643 ", 10.04714, -58.42083, 1950, 0.,0., 1116, 40
40, "PHT40",2.,"N", "HD 87643 ", 10.04714, -58.42083, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 0
41, "SWS01",2.,"N", "Eta Car ", 10.71858, -59.42111, 1950, 0.,0., 1116, 42
42, "PHT40",2.,"N", "Eta Car ", 10.71858, -59.42111, 1950, 0.,0., 120, 0